Cloud Storage System, Part 4: Backup and Restore

Your task is to implement a simple cloud storage system. All operations that should be supported are listed below.

Solving this task consists of several levels. Subsequent levels are opened when the current level is correctly solved. You always have access to the data for the current and all previous levels.

Requirements

Your task is to implement a simple cloud storage system that maps objects (files) to their metainformation. Specifically, the storage should maintain files and information about them, including each file name and size. This system is in-memory; it does not use the real filesystem.

The levels are cumulative:

• Level 1 supports adding, retrieving, and deleting files.
• Level 2 displays the largest files matching a prefix.
• Level 3 adds capacity-limited users and user merging.
• Level 4 backs up and restores a user's files.

To move to the next level, all tests at the current level must pass.

Note

The queries never call operations that produce a collision between a file name and a directory name.

FastPrep Operation-Sequence Adapter

FastPrep calls the function once with operations. Process the rows from left to right while preserving one shared storage state. Every row starts with an uppercase operation name followed by that method's string arguments.

Return one string-array row for every input operation:

• Encode a Boolean as ["true"] or ["false"].
• Encode an integer as one element, such as ["10"].
• Encode None as an empty row [].
• Return the formatted list from GET_N_LARGEST directly; an empty list is also [].

Multipart Series

• Part 1: File Operations
• Part 2: Largest Files
• Part 3: Users and Capacity
• Part 4: Backup and Restore

Level 1: File Operations

The cloud storage system should support file manipulation.

• add_file(self, name: str, size: int) -> bool adds a new file name to the storage. size is the amount of memory required in bytes. The operation fails if a file with the same name already exists. Return True if the file was added successfully or False otherwise. The adapter row is ["ADD_FILE", name, size]. Files added this way are owned by the unlimited admin user.
• get_file_size(self, name: str) -> int | None returns the size of file name if it exists, or None otherwise. The adapter row is ["GET_FILE_SIZE", name].
• delete_file(self, name: str) -> int | None deletes file name. Return the deleted file size when deletion succeeds, or None if the file does not exist. The adapter row is ["DELETE_FILE", name].

Level 2: Largest Files

Implement an operation for retrieving statistics about files with a specific prefix.

• get_n_largest(self, prefix: str, n: int) -> list[str] returns the names of the top n largest files whose names start with prefix, formatted as ["<name_1>(<size_1>)", ..., "<name_n>(<size_n>)"].
• Sort matching files by size in descending order. Break a size tie by file name in lexicographical ascending order.
• If there are no matching files, return an empty list. If fewer than n files match, return all of them in the specified format.
• The adapter row is ["GET_N_LARGEST", prefix, n].

The visible source table contains one malformed no-match call whose second argument is a file name even though the declared signature requires n: int. The judged contract follows the declared signature: n is an integer, and a prefix with no matches returns an empty row.

Level 3: Users and Capacity

Support queries from different users. All users share one common filesystem, and every non-admin user has a storage-capacity limit.

• add_user(self, user_id: str, capacity: int) -> bool adds a new user with capacity bytes. The total size of files owned by user_id cannot exceed this limit. The operation fails if the user already exists. Return True on success and False otherwise. The adapter row is ["ADD_USER", user_id, capacity].
• add_file_by(self, user_id: str, name: str, size: int) -> int | None behaves like add_file, but the new file is owned by user_id. The operation fails when the user is absent, the name is already occupied, or the addition would exceed the user's capacity. Return the user's remaining capacity after success, or None otherwise. The adapter row is ["ADD_FILE_BY", user_id, name, size].
• Every ADD_FILE operation from Level 1 is run by the admin user, who has unlimited storage capacity.
• merge_user(self, user_id_1: str, user_id_2: str) -> int | None merges user_id_2 into user_id_1. Transfer ownership of every file owned by user_id_2, add the remaining storage capacity of user_id_2 to user_id_1's limit, and delete user_id_2. Return user_id_1's remaining capacity, or None when either user is absent or the IDs are equal. Neither merge argument is admin. The adapter row is ["MERGE_USER", user_id_1, user_id_2].

Level 4: Backup and Restore

Allow users to back up their files.

• backup_user(self, user_id: str) -> int | None backs up the current state of every file owned by user_id, including each file name and size. The backup is stored separately and is not changed by later file-manipulation queries. A new backup replaces any previous backup for the same user. Return the number of backed-up files, or None if user_id does not exist. The adapter row is ["BACKUP_USER", user_id].
• restore_user(self, user_id: str) -> int | None restores the user's files to the latest backup. If there is no backup, delete all files currently owned by the user. When a backed-up file name is currently occupied by another user, ignore that file. Return the number of files restored successfully, or None if user_id does not exist. The adapter row is ["RESTORE_USER", user_id].
• merge_user does not change user_id_1's backup, and user_id_2 is deleted together with its backup.
• restore_user does not change the user's capacity.