First Missing Positive
Problem statement
Given an unsorted integer array nums, return the smallest positive integer that does not appear in the array.
Your algorithm must run in O(n) time and use O(1) extra space, excluding the input array.
Function
firstMissingPositive(nums: int[]) → intExamples
Example 1
nums = [1,2,0]return = 3The positive values 1 and 2 are present, so 3 is the first missing positive.
Example 2
nums = [3,4,-1,1]return = 2The value 1 is present but 2 is absent.
Example 3
nums = [7,8,9,11,12]return = 1No value 1 appears.
Constraints
1 <= nums.length <= 100000.-2^31 <= nums[i] <= 2^31 - 1.